Microfluidic systems involve the manipulation and control of small amounts of fluids, usually on the scale of microliters or nanoliters, within channels or chambers that are typically on the order of tens to hundreds of micrometers in size. These systems have applications in various fields, including biology, chemistry, and engineering, where precise control and manipulation of fluids is necessary. Microfluidic systems can be used for tasks such as mixing, separating, and analyzing samples, as well as for conducting chemical reactions and biological assays. They offer advantages such as faster reaction times, lower sample volumes, and higher throughput compared to traditional macro-scale methods, making them a powerful tool for a wide range of research and applications.